Friday, August 2, 2013

Pestaño: All about Elo ratings

Chessmoso
Friday, August 2, 2013

WHENEVER new players meet, one of the questions asked is “What is your rating?”
The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of chess players. It is represented by a number, which increases or decreases based upon the outcome of games between rated players.
Elo is not an abbreviation nor an acronym but the name of a person who created the system. Arpad Elo was a professor of physics at Marquette University in Milwaukee and a chess master who died in 1992.
In 1970 the World Chess Federation adopted the Elo Rating System.
Here are some significant statistics. There are 145 chess federations in Fide and but only 116,362 members are Fide-rated. The top 10 countries are Germany, Russia, Spain, France, India, Poland ,Hungary, Italy, Czech Republic and Serbia.
The first seven countries have almost the same number as the rest of the 138 countries combined and the top 20 countries (85,439) have almost three times as many as the rest (30,923).
The last 50 countries have only about 2,217 players or four times lesser than France (8,033) and only 26 federations have more than 1,000 Fide-rated members. The Philippines has only 405.
These points were raised several times in the past during elections as Bermuda or the Virgin Islands have one vote, the same as Russia, China or the USA, which is rather ridiculous.
There are an estimated 700 million people in the world who play chess but only a minimal number play in tournaments.
There’s no such thing as an “average” chess rating, as it varies in different countries and clubs. A solid club-level player, like those in Cepca, might be rated somewhere around 1600-1800. Above 1800, then it really begins to thin out.
Chess prodigies Kyle Sevillano and Felix Shaun Balbona are now rated 2091 and 2040 respectively and they are considered as “experts.” There are a lot of them around but from getting from expert to master is a huge jump and only a few make it.
An analysis of Elo ratings showed the following numbers worldwide. 5,839 players had an active rating in the range 2200 to 2299, which have the Candidate Master title.
2,998 players are rated in the range 2300 to 2399, most of whom are Fide Masters.
1,382 players are rated between 2400 and 2499, all of whom are either IMs or GMs. 587 players are rated between 2500 and 2599, most of whom are GMs. 178 players are rated between 2600 and 2699, all but one GMs. 43 players are rated between 2700 and 2799 including Wesley So. Three players are over 2800. namely Magnus Carlsen, Levon Aronian and Vladimir Kramnik.
Cepca members who have high ratings are Jobannie Tabada, former sports editor of Sun.Star Cebu, who is rated 2210. Former president Ben Dimaano (a Philippine Junior champion) has a rating of 2200. 2012 Cepca Grand Champion Rey Flores had a performance rating of 2300 in the last Philippine National games, participated by almost all grandmasters, and he is already 55 years old!
Other highly-rated Cepca members are Joe Atillo 2000, current president Jojo Muralla 2010, Bong San Pascual 2080, and Mike Banebane 2155. Those are almost 2000 are Peterson Sia 1985, Nicnic Climaco 1970, Percival Fiel 1957 and Manny Manzanares 1949.
Some Cepca ratings are based on the previous PCF list not NCFP.
Fide classifies tournaments into categories according to the average rating of the players. Each category is 25 rating points wide. Category 1 is for an average rating of 2251 to 2275, Category 2 is 2276 to 2300, etc. For women’s tournaments, the categories are 200 rating points lower, so a Category 1 is an average rating of 2051 to 2075, etc. The highest-rated tournament was Category 22, with an average from 2776 to 2800.
The only Category 22 tournament that I know was the 2011Tal Memorial in Moscow.
Most of the tournaments in Cebu are  uncategorized as these are below category 1.
(boypestano@gmail.com,www.chessmoso.blogspot.com)

Thursday, July 25, 2013

Pestaño: The sad story of Borislav Ivanov

Chessmoso
Thursday, July 25, 2013

BORISLOV IVANOV is a 25-year-old computer programmer who many people suspect of cheating in tournaments. Though the accusations have never been proven, he has been suspended from playing for four months by the Bulgarian Chess Federation. I think it is unfair.
He was punished because he did not show up for a test of his newly found skills at the board. The federation also wanted him to take a lie-detector or polygraph test.
Despite a rating of 2227, Ivanov’s managed a spectacular tournament performance rating (TPR) of 2697 in the Zadar International Open last December in Croatia and he was accused of cheating by using a computer program.
He won five games, drew two others and lost two. The five victories were against four grandmasters and a strong international master, and Ivanov soundly defeated them all.
A great percentage of his moves also coincided with the first choice of the computer upon analysis.
Two months later in a tournament in the Georgi Tringov Memorial Open he scored a mediocre performance of just 1942 and finished 88th without even meeting a titled opponent.
Despite this low performance, he next participated in the XXIII Memorial Paz di Ziganda in Villava Spain and performed at an exceptional level of 2696.
The variations of his performances are just too wide to attribute to chance, according to experts.
Once again, at the 2nd Bogomil Andononov Memorial he had a convincing result of 7.5 out of 9 and took the first prize. He defeated a plethora of Bulgarian GMs and IMs including super-GM Kiril Georgiev, who has just won the 2013 Bulgarian Championship.
A couple of weeks later, he had another phenomenal performance of 8/9 at the 1st Cup Old Capital international Open in a crushing style of play. Despite his clear win he was controversially thrown out of the standings and denied first place. He won by default over three players who refused to play him.
Now, organizers are banning him from participating in tournaments as most players are avoiding him like the plague.
Here are his answers to some questions asked by reporters.
Did the arbiter take your clothes off, or did they just check your pockets? They checked my pockets very slowly and my jacket and after they found nothing.... well, maybe they were a bit disappointed, because they were 100 percent sure I was cheating and of course that’s a total lie.
How did you react to the accusation that you were cheating? At first I wasn’t surprised about the speculations but suddenly they turned very ridiculous. Some people accused me of using technical equipment that only NASA has, I even heard that I had my own satellite that transmitted moves during the games.... this is horrible! I never thought that human imagination can turn so fantastic just because a 2200 ELO player has played some nice games in a tournament.
He has also some defenders, like me.
Peter Jamesonsays that alleging Ivanov is a cheat provides no real evidence.
How does he cheat even in rapid games watched by a horde of observers?
Roger de Coverly says if he is cheating, then he has to have a method of communicating the board position or the latest move played to either an engine on his person or in the hands of third party accomplice(s). He also has to receive back the move recommended. Using the evidence of the rapid play tournament, all this has to be done at ten seconds a move.
I am not interested in what measures should be put in place the next time Ivanov plays or whether he should be banned from tournaments or that there is a chess engine correlation with his moves, but whether you can cheat in this way at rapid chess.
I think he may be a genuine genius!
(boypestano@gmail.com,www.chessmoso.blogspot.com)

Thursday, July 18, 2013

Pestaño: The best performances of all time

Chessmoso
Thursday, July 18, 2013

ACCORDING to Wikipedia, securing a perfect score (100 percent) in a world-class tournament is very rare. These were achieved mostly by world champions.
Those who did it are Gustav Neumann at Berlin in 1865 (34/34); Henry Atkins in Amsterdam 1899 (15/15); Emanuel Lasker in New York in 1893 (13/13); José Raúl Capablanca in New York in 1913 (13/13); Alexander Beliavsky in Alicante in 1978 (13/13); Alexander Alekhine in Moscow in 1919–20 (11/11) and Bobby Fischer in the US Championship of 1963/64 (11/11).
Vera Menchik won four consecutive Women’s World Chess Championship tournaments with perfect scores, a total of 45 games (8-0 in Prague 1931, 14-0 in Folkestone 1933, 9-0 in Warsaw 1935, and 14-0 in Stockholm 1937) . She was a British-Czech chess player who gained renown as the world’s first women’s chess champion. She also competed in Open chess tournaments, defeating many of men’s players, including future World Champion Max Euwe.
Another woman, Valentina Gunina won the Women’s section of the 2010 Moscow Blitz tournament with a 17/17 score.
Carlos Juarez has won the national championship of Guatemala 24 times, an all- time record in National championships. He was here in Cebu in 1992 at the invitation of Cepca to play a simul tournament together with Jaime Sunye-Neto of Brazil , Walter Arencibia of Cuba and Eugene Torre.
The Philippines’ pride Wesley So scored 9/9 in the 2011 Inter-Provincial Chess Team Championship, He won the gold medal in men’s blitz in the 2011 SEA Games 2011 in Indonesia with a score of 9/9 and a rating performance of 3183,and also won the 2013 Calgary International Blitz Championship with a score of 9/9.
Incidentally last July 15 Wesley , a student at the Webster University in Saint Louis, captured the gold medal at the 27th Summer Universiade in Kazan after tie-breaks.
After nine rounds of play in the men’s section, nine players shared the first place with 6.5 points each.
Wesley So won the gold medal, Zaven Andriasian from Armenia took the silver, while the previous winner Li Chao from China, got with bronze.
The tournament director required Wesley to play an Armageddon game with Andriasan, although according to Susan Polgat, it was not necessary and a breach in the rules.
Wesley still won despite playing with the black pieces.
Bobby Fischer had a string of 19 consecutive wins against some of the very best players in the world. He won his last six games n the 1970 Palma de Mallorca Interzonal . In the quarterfinals of the Candidates Matches leading to the world championship, he blanked Mark Taimanov 6-0. In the semifinals, Fischer clobbered Bent Larsen by the same score. In the Candidates Match final, Fischer beat former World Champion Tigran Petrosian in the first game before Petrosian snapped the streak by beating Fischer in the second match game.
Garry Kasparov placed first or tied for first in 15 individual super-tournaments, from 1981 to 1990. This amazing performance was broken by Vasily Ivanchuk at Linares 1991, where Kasparov placed second, half a point behind him, Capablanca played for eight years without a loss (1916 to 1924) in 63 games , including his World Chess Championship 1921 victory over Emanuel Lasker.
Mikhail Tal had a string of 95 tournament games without a loss (46 wins and 49 draws) in 1973-74.
Cepca. The monthly tournament will be held this Sunday July 21 at 1 p.m. at the Deepblue Cafe, SM City.
The format is five-round Swiss and the handicapping time control is 15 minutes for Class A players and 20 minutes for Class B.
The champion will qualify for the grand finals this December. Those who already qualified are Lawyer Jong Melendez (January), NM Arnold Cadiz (February), Percival Fiel (March), Maggi Dionson (April), Manuel Abucay (May), and Jun Kidlat (June).
(boypestano@gmail.com,www.chessmoso.blogspot.com

Thursday, July 11, 2013

Pestano: Sore losers in chess

Chessmoso
Thursday, July 11, 2013

THE pain of losing is greater than the joy of winning and in any competitive sport, there are always the bad losers.
In the book, “The Complete Chess Addict (James and Fox),” the authors highlighted mention several instances of sore losers.
Former world champion Alexander Alekhine, a temperamental loser, once hurled his king across the room after losing to Ernst Grunfeld in a tournament in Vienna in 1922.
In 1923, Alekhine again smashed all the furniture in his hotel room after losing a game to Rudolf Spielmann.
Another temperamental loser, Aron Nimzowitsch, in a tournament in Berlin, instead of just resigning, leapt on to his chair and bellowed across the tournament hall, “Why must I lose to this idiot?”
Another unnamed Danish player, who lost as a result of a finger slip involving his queen, snuck back into the tournament hall at dead of night and cut the heads off all the queen pieces.
Bill Wall posted in the net some instances of not losing amiably.
In 1895, Curt von Bardeleben, about to lose the game against Steinitz, walked out of the room to lose on time rather than resign and did not come back. He lost after 50 minutes.
The Reverend Arthur Skipworth was a poor loser. He had the habit of suddenly getting “ill” when he lost a few games, then would petition the tournament committee to return his entry fee due to his poor health. He did that throughout his playing career in the mid-19th century.
Lenin was a chess player, but gave it up because he was a sore loser. Maxim Gorky wrote that Lenin “grew angry when he lost, even sulking rather childishly.”
Marlon Brando was an average chess player, but poor loser. Whenever he lost a game of chess, he would knock all the pieces off the board and say, “I’m bored.”
In 1959, a Soviet scientist killed another Soviet scientist at a research station in Vostok, Antarctica after a chess game argument. The losing player got so mad, he killed his opponent with an axe. After the incident, the Soviets banned chess at their Antarctic stations.
In the 1980s, the Soviet Union also banned cosmonauts from playing chess in space with each other after a fist fight once broke out between cosmonauts playing chess.
In 1969, Danny Kopec, who later became an International Master, lost a game to a person he beat in his first tournament. In a temper tantrum, he threw all his chess sets and magazines down an incinerator.
In the 1990s, Soviet Grandmaster Semion Dvoirys threw his shoe across a tournament hall in the Netherlands after he lost a game. He was known to beat his head on the floor with great force when he lost.
Cepca Rapid The following boys and girls were the top winners in the 7 rounds Swiss 16-under tournament last weekend at Deep Blue in SM City. The top 3 winners will be sent to the Batang Pinoy competition later this year.
Boys:1.) Kyle Sevillano (6.5) 2. Felix Shaun Balbona (6.5) 3.) Jethro Claro (6.0) 4.
Christian Pondoyo (5.5) 5 to 13. James Balbona, Duane Borgonia, Jeremy Pepito, Edzel Vosotros, Adrian Basilgo, Glexan Derotas, Abugan Linus, Jose Adolfo Jr. ,James Paraon.
Girls:1.) Laila Nadera (6.5) 2.) Vic Glyzen Derotas (6) 3-7 Sheila Diloy, Jeremy Bajo, Alphecca Gonzales, Cherry Caballes, Gwyneth Claro.
There were 66 boys and 40 girls who competed.
Shell the Shell National Youth Active Chess Championships Visayas Leg will be held tomorrow and Sunday at the SM City Cebu Event Center.
The annual tournament will feature two divisions for both boys and girls. The Juniors class is for players 20 years old and below, while the Kiddies division is for players in the 6 to 14 years age bracket.
For details contact Odillion Badilles at 0906-8964698.
(boypestano@gmail.com,www.chessmoso.blogspot.com)

Friday, June 28, 2013

Pestaño: John Velarde and new Cepca members

Chessmoso
Thursday, June 27, 2013

THE future of Philippine chess is as bright as the super moon of a few days ago. Meet John Jerish Velarde, the six-year-old Cebuano chess prodigy.
He was born on Aug. 13, 2006 to proud parents Edilberto Velarde and Maria Juby Dalde and resides in Lapu-Lapu City.
He gained his chess experience playing in tournaments like Milo, Shell and other local tournaments.
On the National level, he won the 8-Under Age group chess championship in Gen. Santos City last Jan. 31 to Feb. 3 with six wins in six games.
In the Luzon leg in Malolos City, Bulacan, he was also undefeated in seven games. He also qualified to be a member of the Philippine 8-Under in an elimination tournament in Taguig City last April 6-14.
In the last Asean Age Group Championship 8-Under held in Thailand last June 5-13, the Philippine team won two gold medals--Standard and Blitz--and a silver in Rapid. The other members of the team are Alekhine Nouri, and Manuel Concio Jr. Other countries who competed were China, Indonesia, India, Malaysia , Mongolia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
John’s coaches are Peterson Sia, Rigel Amacna and NM Leonardo Alidani.
Cepca gained several new members the past two months under our “Road to 100 members program.”
Jerry Maratas is a Civil/Structural engineer and owner of Jemar Engineering Services which specializes in structural analysis and design of buildings.
He is also a faculty member of the University of San Carlos and a former reviewer of Civil Engineering at the Besavilla Review Center.
Jerry is 34 years old and is married to Engr. Leiz Klade Maglasang.
He learned chess from his father at eight and also played at USC during intramurals.
Other hobbies include tennis, boxing, basketball, billiards and biking.
Another new member is Peterson Sia, whom I have known for a long time being a chess fanatic like me. He is a businessman, coach and instructor (taught Jerish Velarde). He has been playing chess for 27 years and was the champion of the Lapu-Lapu Open several times.
He was a Gold medalist in the 2009 Inter-cities and Municipalities held in Tarlac, He also wrote a chess column for several years with NM Loloy Ruelan (grandfather of IM Kimkim Yap) “Chess for fun and relaxation.”
There are three new members from the Philippine Air Force—Amado Olea, John Caiboy and Cris Lim.
Staff Sargeant Amado Olea is assigned at 205 Tactical Helicopter Wing in Lapu-Lapu City . He was the champion in the 2009 Lapu-Lapu Fiesta tournament in 2009 and runner-up in 2010.
This Sunday will be a big event for him as he is will be married in a mass wedding sponsored by the Philippine Air force in all air force bases throughout the country.
Cristopher Lim is a Medical Service Specialist and a Staff Sergeant assigned at Mactan Air Base, He is a graduate of Bachelor of Computer Science in 2002 and played chess during his student days.
Among his achievements are gold medals during his third year and fourth year high school and in the Mactan Air Base Summer League. He was also a bronze medalist in the Philippine Air force Inter-wing National Tournament.
John Caiboy is assigned at Ormoc City and has a BSCE degree, and still single at 30 .
Big tournament. The Engr. Blas Hipulan tournament starts today at 1 p.m. in Deep Blue at SM City. The format is 9 rounds Swiss with a time control of 25 mins per player.
Registration is P350 and P200 for kiddies.
Prizes total P100,000 with P40,000 going to the champion. The second and third placers will get P20,000 and P10,000, respectively. e organizers are expecting a record number of entries including GM Richard Bitoon, who came all the way from Manila.
(boypestano@gmail.com,www.chessmoso.blogspot.com)

Thursday, June 20, 2013

Pestaño: Greatest child grandmasters in history

Chessmoso
Thursday, June 20, 2013

CHESS is the only sport in town where children can compete on an equal level with adults. I have seen six or seven year old kiddies beat adults as old as 50 or 60.
Early chess prodigies were Paul Morphy and world champion José Raúl Capablanca, both of whom won matches against strong masters before becoming teenagers. Samuel Reshevsky was giving simultaneous exhibitions at the age of six.
Morphy is considered by Bobby Fischer the strongest player of all time.
In 1958, Fischer became a grandmaster, a record then, at 15 years and 6 months. It was not broken for 23 years until 1991 when wonder girl Judit Polgar became a GM 15 years and four months. Peter Leko beat that record in 1994 by one year and Ruslan Ponomariov became a GM at exactly 14 years old in 1997.
In 1999 Bu Xiang Zhi became the first 13-year-old GM. The youngest to become GM is Sergey Karjakin at an amazing 12 years and 7 months on 2002.
There is a future GM who might break the record of Karjakin and he is proudly Pinoy.
Alekhine Nouri of Taguig City has won the Open 8 Under title at the recent 14th Asean Age Group Chess Championships 2013 in Chiang Mai, Thailand and gained an outright Fide Master title with a rating of 2300.
“Our daily routine features 10 hours of training; no computer games, no TV. We only ease up on Sundays,” the chess prodigy’s father and personal coach Hamed Nouri, also a Fide Master, said.
He is only seven years old and is still in grade one.
I checked the past records. Not only is Alekhine the youngest FM in the Philippines but he is also the youngest ever in the world!
One measure of chess prodigies is the age at which they gain the Grandmaster title.
Below are the 10 players who have held the record for youngest grandmasters according to chessbase.com. The age listed is the age at which they qualified for the title.
1.) Sergey Karjakin (Ukraine)- 12 years and 7 months. 2.) Parimarjan Negi (India)- 12 years and 4 months 22 days. 3.) Magnus Carlsen (Norway)- 13 years and 4 months 27 days, 4.) Wei Yi (China) -13 years and 8 months 23 days. He is currently the youngest GM as he got the title early this year. 5.) Bu Xiang Zhi (China) -13 years and 10 months 10 days. 6.) Richard Rapport (Hungary)-13 years and 11 months 6 days. 7.)
Teimour Radjabov (Azerbaijan)- 14 years 0 months 14 days. 8.) Ruslan Ponomariov (Ukraine)-14 years and 17 days. 9.) Wesley So (Philippines)-14 years and one month 28 days, 10.) Etienne Bacrot (France)-14 years and 2 months .
Other notable records are Hou Yifan (China)-14 years and 6 months 16 days. She is also the youngest girl to become GM, breaking Judit Polgar’s record. Ray Robson (USA) became the youngest American GM at 14 years and 11 months 16 days. Fabiano Caruana of Italy also became a GM at 14 years and 11 months 20 days. Japanese origin Hikaru Nakamura , born in the USA, became a GM at 15 years and 2 months.
Another interesting record is that of the youngest players to gain a rating above 2600.
1.) Wesley So was rated at 2610 on October 2008 at the age of 14 years 11 months and 22 days. 2.) Teimour Radjabov got a rating of 2610 on April 2002 at the age of 15 years and 20 days. 3.) Magnus Carlsen had a rating of 2625 on January 2006 at the age of 15 years 1 month and 1 day. 4.) Sergey Karjakin achieved 2635 at the age of 15 years 2 months and 20 days. 5.) IIIya Nyzhnyk reach 2610 on May 2012 at the age of 15 years 7 months and 4 days. 6.) Anish Giri was rated at 2624 on March 2010 at the age of 15 years 8 months and 1 day. 7.) Fabiano Caruana reached 2620 on April 2008 at the age of 15 years 8 months and 2 days.
Cepca. Our monthly tournament will be this Sunday at Deep Blue in SM and starts at 1 p.m.
(boypestano@gmail.com,www.chessmoso.blogspot.com)

Sunday, May 26, 2013

Pestaño: Poker in Cebu

Chessmoso
Saturday, May 26, 2012

THERE are some significant differences between poker tournaments and chess.
Both attract about 50 to 100 players per tournament, although chess accommodates more children while poker clubs do not allow players below 21. There are, however, more lady poker players than chess players. There are also more foreigners playing poker--mostly Koreans, Japanese, Americans and Europeans.
Poker tournaments are played almost daily with bigger prizes . Although chess most often have sponsors, poker rely mostly on registration fees.
There are five poker clubs in Cebu and all are licensed and regulated by Pagcor, though I am not familiar with Tulip Club in Mactan.
Diamond Poker Club, beside the Grand Convention Center, only has cash games. These are P10/20 blinds with a minimum buy-in of P200 and maximum of P1,000; P20/40 blinds with a minimum of P1,000 and maximum P10,000 and P25/50 with a minimum of P2,000 and maximum P20,00. Bad Beat jackpot is now P3.7 million.
Metrocard in Mandaue features some unique tournaments and prizes. In its cash games, they have some special prizes like P1,000 for losing with pocket aces, P2,000 if you have a hand of four-of-a-kind, P3,000 for straight flush and P5,000 for royal straight.
Metro also has a freeroll (no buy-in) every Tuesday and Thursday at 4 p.m. followed by a P25,000 tournament with a buy-in of P500. Every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, they have a P25,000 tournament. On Sundays, they have a P20,000 tournament.
Tomorrow there is a P200,000 tournament at 5 p.m.
All-in Poker Club at Waterfront Lahug in the casino area now has a Bad Beat jackpot of P2.8 million. Every Tuesday it has a no limit turbo with a buy-in of P1,000 and knockout bounty with a buy-in of P1,000k + P300 every Thursday. Both tourneys start at 630 p.m.
It is now planning to hold a P2-million tournament.
Oriental Poker Club in Parkmall, Mandaue is also active. Bad Beat is now P376,789. On June 1 to 3 at 2 p.m. they have a P400,000 tournament with a buy-in of P3,200 + P300 and the final table on June 4.
It also has a turbo satellite for this big event every Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday and also daily from May 28 to 31 at P300 at 2pm.
On May 30, it has the Casino Filipino heads up challenge with a buy-in of P2,000 + P200 at 5 p.m. and on May 31, it is a P30,000 pot limit Omaha with buy-in of P500+50, also at 5 p.m.
Bad Beat happens when a player holds at least a fullhouse of aces and tens and gets beaten by quads or straight flush. The loser gets 40 percent while the winning hand gets 20 percent and the rest is shared by the all the players equally in the table.
Majority of the Cebuano players also play poker on the Internet. It has been mostly responsible for the dramatic increase in the number of poker players worldwide, now numbering an estimated 300 million.
Deep Blue Our kiddie chess player and journalist KC Morala sent in this report: “NM Merben Roque walked off with the champion’s title in the DeepBlue Chess Tournament held at SM Cebu last May 22 to 23.
The champ drew his fifth round match with Rhenzi Kyle Sevillano, an incoming sophomore at University of San Carlos, and won the rest of his games, including that against FM Anthony Makinano and NM Richard Natividad.
Rommel Ganzon nabbed second place, half a point behind Roque, having recovered from his defeat in the second round with Allan Pason and winning the next five rounds, including the fifth game with third-placer Sevillano (5.5). The latter had shown a mind blowing feat of straight wins on the first four rounds, facing head-on the veteran players of Cebu.
The rest of the top-ten winners were FM Makinano, Natividad, Peterson Sia, Eden Diano, Pason, Bonn Tibod, and Diego Claro.